Interferon Beta or IFN-β is a human cytokine encoded by the IFNB1 gene. IFN B belongs to the Interferon type I family that regulates the immune system in humans. They are present in all mammals. IFN B has anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral properties responsible for innate immune responses. In response to antiviral activity, fibroblasts which are the most common cell types of connective tissues, produce large quantities of IFN B proteins. There are two subtypes of IFN B proteins: IFNB1 and IFNB3. Interferon beta or IFN-β, is a human cytokine encoded by the IFN-B gene. IFN-Bs belong to the type I interferon family that regulate the immune system in humans. They are present in all mammals. IFN-Bs have anticancer and antibacterial properties responsible for innate immune responses. In response to antiviral activity, fibroblasts which are the most common cell types of connective tissues, produce large quantities of IFN-Bs proteins. There are two subtypes of IFN-Bs: IFNB1, and IFNB3.
Interferon function or IFN B or IFN β is a human cytokine encoded by the IFNB1 gene. IFN B belongs to the Interferon type I family that regulates innate immune responses in humans. It has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. In response to viral infection, fibroblasts which are the most common cell types of connective tissues, produce large quantities of IFN B proteins. There are two subtypes: α1β1 and α2β1. Four main forms of IFN receptor exist that bind three different forms of interferon: type I (IFN-α/β), type II (IFN-β) and type III (interleukin 2). They differ in their binding affinity for each subtype and can form heterodimers with other receptors. MIF was first identified as an inflammatory cytokine while it plays a role in the activation of neutrophils and monocytes, directing them towards sites where there is tissue damage or microbial invasion.[5] MIF increases chemotaxis, phagocytosis, adhesion, signaling transduction, inflammatory cell survival and migration.[6] Its anti-inflammatory effects include inhibiting
Pharmaceutical drugs are developed to address unmet medical needs by safely and effectively alleviating human disease. To qualify for commercialization, pharmaceutical molecules must demonstrate appropriate efficacy and safety preclinically and clinically as well as offer an unique selling point and effective treatment to address an unmet medical need. Pharmacokinetic characterization, pre-clinical PK and toxicology is the study of (PK/TP), and clinical trials are crucial elements of drug development. Pharmacokinetic characterization of a new pharmaceutical substance is carried out in order to assess the pharmacokinetics of that compound during a period of investigation or clinical use. This can be achieved through the following strategies: kinetic modeling, non-invasive monitoring, phlebotomy and other methods like HPLC/MS.
Pharmaceutical discovery and development, the branch of biotechnology that seeks to discover and develop new drugs, requires a unique approach to identifying NMEs. The initial process is a three-step process: Screening, Evaluation, and Validation (SEV). During this process the candidate compounds are screened by determining the chemical composition and physical properties of the compound with regard to solubility, physical state and purity. Next, an evaluation based on potency, potency at high doses and systemic exposure must be developed for each compound to determine if it can be used as a drug or its toxicity is sufficient for human use. Finally, all candidates are empirically tested in clinical trials through which their efficacy as well as safety characteristics can be assessed prior to market approval.
